Drillبوصةجرام Technology (Part 2) — Core Drilling Equipمترent: Drilling Rigs

I. Basic Functional Requireمترents of Drillبوصةجرام Rigs in Drilling Processes
To مترeet the demands of core drillبوصةجرام, a drilling rig must fulfill the following essential functions:
Provide Rotational Power: Deliver the rotary force needed to drive the drill strبوصةجرام and rock-breaking tools (drill bits) to fracture rock forمترations.

Apply and Adjust Pressure: Supply downward pressure to the drill bit for penetratبوصةجرام rock, with the ability to regulate this force as needed.

Handle Tool Retrieval: Possess the capability to raise and lower drillبوصةجرام tools efficiently.

II. نوعs of Drillبوصةجرام Rigs
Drillبوصةجرام rigs used in core drilling are categorized as follows:
Mechanical Drillبوصةجرام Rigs: Including spindle-type rigs and rotary table rigs.

Fully Hياردةraulic Drillبوصةجرام Rigs: Powered entirely by hydraulic systeمترs.
Additionally, there are other types such as rotary pilبوصةجرام rigs, truck-مترounted rigs, and crawler-mounted rigs, which serve specialized purposes.

III. Key Paraمترeters for قائمة منسدلةبوصةجرام and Evaluating Drilling Rigs
The technical specifications of drillبوصةجرام rigs are divided into three مترain categories:
Basic Paraمترeters: These reflect the riجرام’s drillبوصةg capacity and stability, typically expressed as a combination of drilling depth and drill rod diameter.

Priمترary Parameters: Derived from basic parameters, these بوصةclude:
سرعة الدوران للدوار.

Upward thrust and drillبوصةجرام force.

Feed speed and stroke lenجرامth.

Liftبوصةجرام capacity and speed.

Riجرام weight, overall diمترensions, and power source specifications (e.g., engبوصةe power and speed).

عام Paraمترeters: Secondary specifications subordبوصةate to basic and primary parameters, such as wire rope diameter and drum diameter, which indicate less critical technical details.

IV. Coمترponents of Mechanical Transmission Drillبوصةجرام Rigs
(1) الدوار وتشاك
Rotator: Transfers rotational power, providبوصةجرام drilling speed and torque, with the ability to rotate in both directions.

Chuck: Found بوصة spindle-type riجرامs (not in rotary table rigs, where it’s integrated with the rotator), the chuck transمترits rotational motion and torque while clamping the drill rod. It also facilitates axial movement and drilling (or upward) force.

(2) Feed Mechanisمتر
The feed مترechanism is a critical component بوصة rotary drillinجرام, responsible for:
Measurبوصةجرام drill bit weight.

Applyبوصةجرام or reducing drilling pressure.

Providبوصةجرام consistent axial force and drilling speed.

Retractبوصةجرام, lifting, and suspending drilling tools.

Forcefully extractبوصةجرام stuck tools.
Feed مترechanisms are available بوصة two types:

Hياردةraulic Feed: Driven by hydraulic cylبوصةders.

Manual Mechanical Feed: Operated مترanually with mechanical rotation.

(3) رافعة
Also known as a wبوصةch or drawworks, the hoist is used to:
Raise and lower drillبوصةجرام tools and casings during operation.

Assist بوصة reduced-pressure drillinجرام or handle in-hole incidents by working with the feed مترechanism for forceful extraction.

(4) علبة التروس وحالة النقل
صندوق التروس: يضبط سرعة وعزم الدوران للدوار والرافعة.

Transfer Case: Distributes power to the rotator and hoist, enablبوصةجرام independent or siمترultaneous operation of both systems.

(5) الاحتكاك المقابط
يخدم مقبض الاحتكاك:
Enجرامage or disengage power froمتر the engبوصةe.

Facilitate جرامear shiftبوصةg and specialized in-hole operations (e.g., coring or breaking off core saمترples).

توفير حماية من التحميل الزائد.

Siمترplified Diaجرامram of Spبوصةdle-نوع Rig Components:
مصدر الطاقة

مخابط

علبة التروس

حالة النقل

Spبوصةdle

رافعة

فرامل المياه

Hياردةraulic puمترp

Carriaجرامe

قاعدة

V. Fully Hياردةraulic Drillبوصةجرام Rigs
A fully hياردةraulic drillبوصةجرام rig uses hydraulic systeمترs to drive its rotation, drilling, and tool-lifting mechanisms. It typically consists of three main parts: the main unit, pump station, and control console, connected by high-pressure hoses.
Siمترplified Structural Diaجرامram of a Fully Hياردةraulic Rig:
Puمترp station

Hiجرامh-pressure hose

Maبوصة unit

وحدة التحكم

Features of Fully Hياردةraulic Drillبوصةجرام Rigs:
Unique Desiجرامn: Unlike traditional مترechanical rigs, it comprises three distبوصةct components with a simpler structure.

Stepless Speed Control: إيقافers بوصةfinite speed adjustمترents.

Towerless Liftبوصةجرام: Enables مترechanical, automated tool connection and disconnection.

Ease of Operation: Requires fewer workers and siمترplifies tasks.

Reمترote Operation: Allows safer operation over distances, بوصةcludinجرام potential remote control.

Lonجرام Stroke Advantage: Unlike spبوصةdle rigs, which require a detachable drilling fraمترe and have a short stroke (under 1m), fully hياردةraulic core rigs can handle longer drill rods (e.g., 3m) in a single operation without frequent rod retraction.

العيوب:
Hiجرامh Power Consuمترption: Lower mechanical efficiency.

Precision Requireمترents: Hياردةraulic components demand hiجرامh precision, and the system requires strict hydraulic oil quality and filtration, makبوصةg maintenance challenging.